President John Dramani Mahama addressed fellow African leaders at the African Union Conference on Debt in Lomé, Togo, on Monday, May 12, 2025, sharing insights from Ghana’s experience with debt restructuring.
He emphasised the importance of transparency and timely engagement with creditors to avoid severe economic consequences from reactive debt management decisions.
The president highlighted the significant infrastructure gap facing Africa, which requires an estimated $130-170 billion in annual investment. He noted that the lack of access to affordable, long-term financing options often leaves nations with unsustainable debt burdens.
Citing IMF data, the President expressed concern that 22 African countries are currently in or at high risk of debt distress. He pointed out that the average public debt-to-GDP ratio in sub-Saharan Africa is projected to exceed 60% in 2025, a significant increase from 40% a decade ago.
Drawing from Ghana’s history, President Mahama referenced the Heavily Indebted Poor Countries (HIPC) initiative and the Multilateral Debt Relief Initiative (MDRI), which enabled Ghana to reduce its debt-to-GDP ratio from over 100% to under 30%.
This, he explained, freed up crucial fiscal space for investments in key sectors like education, roads, and healthcare.
“Ghana, like many of our peers, has had to undergo painful restructuring to restore macroeconomic stability and rebuild investor confidence,” President Mahama stated.
He highlighted Ghana’s strategic use of concessional and non-concessional financing between the early 2000s and 2015 to accelerate infrastructure development and social inclusion.
The President detailed how, after initial progress, Ghana’s debt situation deteriorated due to a combination of unrestrained borrowing and multiple external shocks, leading to a debt-to-GDP ratio increase from 56.3% in 2016 to a peak of 90.7% in 2022.
He noted that by 2023, interest payments alone consumed 47% of total government revenue, a level deemed fiscally unsustainable by the World Bank.
